Why do I have low stomach acid?

Age: Stomach acid production tends to naturally decrease with age. Older individuals often produce less stomach acid than younger individuals, which can lead to decreased digestive efficiency.

Stress: Chronic stress can affect the production of stomach acid. Stress hormones can suppress the release of gastric acid and impair the function of the digestive system.

Medications: Certain medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor blockers, which are commonly used to treat acid reflux and ulcers, can reduce stomach acid production when taken over an extended period. Additionally, antacids, if overused, can also affect stomach acid levels.

Helicobacter pylori infection: In some cases, infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can damage the cells in the stomach lining responsible for producing stomach acid. This can lead to a reduction in acid levels.

Autoimmune conditions: Autoimmune diseases like autoimmune gastritis can cause the immune system to attack the cells in the stomach lining that produce stomach acid, leading to low acid levels.

Gastric surgery: Surgical procedures that involve the removal or alteration of parts of the stomach, such as gastric bypass surgery for weight loss, can affect stomach acid production.

Chronic gastritis: Chronic inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis) can reduce the number of acid-producing cells in the stomach, resulting in lower acid levels.

Dietary factors: Certain dietary habits, such as consuming a diet low in nutrient-dense foods, high in processed foods, or low in zinc, can contribute to low stomach acid. Zinc is necessary for the production of stomach acid.

Malnutrition: Severe malnutrition, which can be caused by conditions like anorexia nervosa, bulimia, or certain medical conditions, can result in reduced stomach acid production.

Genetic factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to low stomach acid.

It's important to note that the symptoms of low stomach acid can sometimes overlap with those of high stomach acid (acid reflux, heartburn), which can make it challenging to diagnose without proper medical evaluation.